1. The Problem:
High-value components in used lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) including lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, and graphite must be extracted and reused.
2. Current Solutions (Prior Art):
The current hydrometallurgical methods for LIBs recycling use strong acid such as sulfuric acid and reducing agent such as hydrogen peroxide to extract metals as metal ions in acidic solutions. Multiple precipitation (tuning pH) and solvent extraction steps are needed to separate and recover the metals as salts from the solution.
3. Disadvantages, Limitations, and Shortcomings of the Prior Art:
Hydrometallurgy generate a large amount acidic waste water. The separation and recovery process of the valuable metals are complex and high-cost.
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