IDEA #42I5MA Internal Combustion Engine With New Kinematic Scheme (Sakharnov Engine)

APPLIED RESEARCH • ENERGYAND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH NEW KINEMATIC SCHEME ((SAKHARNOV ENGINE)) DescriptionSakharnov axial(cid:2)piston engine (SAPE) with a new kinematic scheme for conversion of reciprocal movement of pistons into rotational movement of a main shaft was developed and pro(cid:2) posed by a leading designer of the E.O.Paton Electric Welding Institute. Engine of the SAPE type is a push(cid:2)pull four(cid:2)cylinder axial(cid:2)pis(cid:2) ton diesel engine with water cooling and uniflow scavenging of cylinders, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the main shaft. The key difference of this type of the engines from avail(cid:2) able internal combustion engines with a connecting rod gear kinematic scheme is that the reciprocal movement of two pis(cid:2) tons moving in one cylinder in opposite directions is converted into the rotational movement of the main shaft using two skewed washers put on the straight shaft, instead of two crankshafts connected through a power transmission gear. Utilization of the proposed new kinematic scheme and axial positioning of cylinders around the main shaft axis in design of the internal combustion engine make it possible to preserve all advantages of the push(cid:2)pull engines with unifow scaveng(cid:2) ing, and eliminate their drawbacks. High performance of the new kinematic scheme and advan(cid:2) tages of axial positioning of the cylinders were proved by tests of a working mockup of the SAPE engine. Innovative Aspect and Main Advantages High performance of the proposed new kinematic scheme of conversion of reciprocal movement of pistons into rotational movement using two skewed washers put on the straight shaft was confirmed on the engine mockup, for which Ukraine Patent No. 22541 and Russia Patent No. 2125162 were granted, and international examination validated by the PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty, Geneva) priority certification was conducted,. The main advantages of the proposed SAPE type engine include: 1. The best thermodynamic process (cid:2) increased indicated effi(cid:2) ciency provided by uniflow scavenging of cylinders, much longer section time, much higher temperature of fuel combus(cid:2) tion (due to the absence of head of the cylinder block and valve actuating gear), and lower removal of heat by a cooling fluid (less quantity of parts to be cooled), this allowing reduc(cid:2) tion of specific fuel consumption to 155(cid:2)165 g/hp·h. 2. Increased mechanical efficiency – improved reliability, lower wear and longer service life, which are provided by the following factors: • there are almost no forces of friction of pistons on the cylin(cid:2) der walls because of axial positioning of the cylinders around the main shaft axis (axis of the connecting rod deviates from the cylinder axis to an angle of 1.5o – 2o, compared to 18o – 20o with the connecting rod gear kinematic scheme); • most friction pairs are installed on rolling bearings, includ(cid:2) ing on the main shaft; • shorter stroke in heads of connecting rods; • smaller quantity of idle rotations, lower linear and angular speeds (push(cid:2)pull process); • cylinder block is free from the forces of gases pressing on the piston, which allows the compression ratio to be increased to 22(cid:2)25, and makes it possible to manufacture most parts, including cylinder blocks, from light alloys, of smaller dimen(cid:2) 104 sions and lower weight (the latter has always limited the appli(cid:2) cation of diesel engines); • axial positioning of cylinders makes it possible to substan(cid:2) tially decrease dimensions and weight of the engine, simplify the manufacture technology and reduce costs; • SAPE engines are environmentally friendly, i.e. their specif(cid:2) ic fuel consumption is 155(cid:2)165 g/hp?h. Compared with car(cid:2) buretor engines, emitted combustion products in SAPE engines do not contain CO, and content of carcinogenic ben(cid:2) zopyrine is 15 times as low. Areas ooff Application The market of different(cid:2)power internal combustion engines includes motor car construction, tractor building and other industries. Fig. 1. SAPE structure Fig. 2. SAPE mockup Specifications ooff SAPE engine mockup Quantity of cylinders/pistons Cylinder diameter, mm Piston stroke, mm Cylinder capacity, l Actual compression ratio Main shaft rotation frequency, rpm. Maximal torque, kgf/m Excessive boost pressure, kgf/cm2 Maximal power, hp/kW Engine weight, kg Relative indices ooff SAPE engine Power per liter, hp/l Dimensional power, hp/m3 Specific weight, kgf/hp 4/8 120 120 10,85 16,5 3000 140 0,65 560/410 550 51,6 1900 0,982 Specific fuel consumption, g/hp·h 155 – 165 Overall capacity, m3 0,29 Stage ooff Development SAPE unique designs are covered by: • Ukraine Patent No. 22541 • Russia Patent No. 2125162 Contact Details Contact persons: Vasyl Sakharnov, Mykola Koval E.O.Paton Electric Welding Institute 11 Bozhenko Street, 03680, Kyiv(cid:2)150 Ukraine Tel./fax: (38 044) 287(cid:2)31(cid:2)88 E(cid:2)mail: dep26kb@paton.kiev.ua